Sunscreen's Role in Safeguarding Your Dermis
In the realm of sun protection, two categories of sunscreens stand out: organic, which contain carbon-based active ingredients, and physical sunscreens, relying on titanium or zinc oxide particles as a physical filter [1]. A growing body of evidence points towards mineral-based ingredients, specifically zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, as the most effective and safe sunscreen ingredients currently recommended [1].
These mineral ingredients work by physically blocking UV rays without penetrating the skin, minimising systemic absorption concerns that have been raised about some chemical filters [1]. Major regulatory agencies, including the FDA, endorse these ingredients for use in mineral sunscreens, deeming them safe and effective based on testing protocols [1].
Zinc oxide, in particular, offers broader UV protection, especially against UVA rays, and is less likely to cause irritation or allergies, making it suitable for sensitive skin and children [1][2]. Mineral sunscreens are tested for broad-spectrum protection by measuring UV absorption and skin response, with zinc oxide generally providing stronger, more reliable UVA protection compared to titanium dioxide [1][2].
As the importance of sunscreen usage and general sun protection in preventing skin damage and reducing skin cancer rates becomes more apparent, concerns about the safety profile of certain chemicals used in sunscreens persist [3]. Chemicals like oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate have been detected in the bloodstream and may break down into toxic compounds [3].
Health authorities emphasise the need for caution when it comes to sunscreen usage. Dermatologists and researchers recommend paying attention to expiry dates, storage conditions, and avoiding mixing different sunscreens at the same time [4]. Applying two different types of sunscreen products can diminish their protective benefits [4].
While no sunscreen filters out 100% of UV, they are vital at blocking out an overwhelming amount of it. Sunscreens are rated using protective factor labels, abbreviated to SPF or UPF, indicating how much UV is filtered out [5]. It's crucial to remember that even people with darker skin tones need to be careful of UV exposure, as skin damage can still occur after extensive exposure [6].
In the quest for safer and more effective sunscreen ingredients, scientists are finding inspiration in nature. They are exploring the potential of harnessing chemicals produced by plants to protect their DNA for use in sunscreens [7]. As our understanding of UV radiation and its impact on human health continues to evolve, so too will the development of sunscreens that offer superior protection while minimising potential risks.
References:
[1] American Academy of Dermatology. (2021). Sunscreen FAQs. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/sun-damage-prevention-and-treatment/sunscreens
[2] Environmental Working Group. (2021). Guide to Sunscreen Ingredients. https://www.ewg.org/sunscreen/ingredients/
[3] Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin
[4] Skin Cancer Foundation. (2021). Sunscreen FAQs. https://www.skincancer.org/prevention/daily-use/sunscreen/sunscreen-faqs
[5] World Health Organization. (2021). Sun protection and skin cancer prevention. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sun-protection-and-skin-cancer-prevention
[6] American Cancer Society. (2021). Skin Cancer Prevention and Early Detection. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/skin-cancer.html
[7] National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2021). Sunscreens. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sunscreens/index.cfm
The world continues to recognize the importance of sun protection in health-and-wellness, and various regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, endorse mineral-based sunscreen ingredients, like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, for their effectiveness and safety. As scientists delve deeper into the realm of sunscreen research, they are discovering potential in nature's skin-care solutions, such as using chemicals derived from plants in sunscreens.
