Stroke-induced Seizures: Signs, Remedies, and Further Details
In the event of a stroke, it's crucial for individuals to inform their doctor if they have experienced a seizure or had a previous stroke. This information is vital in determining the appropriate course of treatment [1].
Seizures can be challenging to identify, particularly in older adults, as their signs may be dismissed as age-related changes. However, caregivers should be vigilant and consult a doctor if they notice memory issues, confusion, dizziness, numbness, falls, periods of "zoning out" or staring into space in an older adult [2].
When it comes to managing seizures, Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) play a significant role. In around 70% of cases, AEDs are effective in completely managing seizures. These devices help prevent seizures by reducing excessive and confused electrical signaling between brain cells [3].
The type of medication prescribed for seizure management depends on the specific type of epilepsy a person has and the types of seizures they experience. Other factors a doctor may consider include gender, age, medication costs, other medications the person is currently taking, previous or current medical conditions, and possible side effects [4].
Post-stroke seizures are primarily focal (partial) seizures and generalized seizures, including tonic-clonic seizures. Focal seizures start in one area of the brain, often where the stroke occurred. They can be simple partial, complex partial, or spread and become secondary generalized seizures [5].
Generalized seizures involve both sides of the brain from the onset and can take several forms. Tonic-clonic seizures, tonic seizures, atonic seizures, myoclonic seizures, and clonic seizures are all possibilities [6].
Treatment for post-stroke seizures typically begins with anti-seizure (anticonvulsant) medications, tailored to the seizure type and patient health. Common drugs aim to stabilize brain electrical activity and prevent seizure recurrence. The choice and dosage require monitoring and adjustment over time [7].
For patients resistant to medication, advanced interventions such as epilepsy surgery, neurostimulation therapies, and lifestyle management become options. Specialized care can also manage seizures influenced by hormonal changes [8].
In emergencies, it's essential to stay with a person having a seizure until it's over. For a person having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, help them to the floor, turn them onto their side, clear the area, place something soft and flat under their head, remove eyeglasses or sunglasses, loosen anything around the neck, time the seizure, and call 911 if the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes [9].
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to look for issues with electrical patterns in the brain, which can aid in diagnosis and treatment [10]. A neurologist, who specializes in conditions of the brain and nervous system, plays a crucial role in managing post-stroke seizures.
References:
[1] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Post-stroke seizures. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/in-depth/post-stroke-seizures/art-20046745
[2] NHS. (2021). Seizures in older people. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/seizures-epilepsy/symptoms/
[3] Epilepsy Foundation. (2021). What is a seizure? https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/about-epilepsy-basics/what-is-epilepsy/what-is-a-seizure
[4] Epilepsy Society. (2021). Treating epilepsy. https://www.epilepsysociety.org.uk/information/about-epilepsy/treating-epilepsy
[5] Epilepsy Foundation. (2021). Focal seizures. https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-seizures/focal-seizures
[6] Epilepsy Foundation. (2021). Generalized seizures. https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-seizures/generalized-seizures
[7] Epilepsy Society. (2021). Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). https://www.epilepsysociety.org.uk/information/about-epilepsy/treating-epilepsy/antiepileptic-drugs-aeds
[8] Epilepsy Foundation. (2021). Treatment options. https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/treating-epilepsy/treatment-options
[9] Mayo Clinic. (2021). First aid for seizures. https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-for-seizures/basics/art-20056769
[10] Epilepsy Foundation. (2021). Electroencephalogram (EEG). https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/about-epilepsy-basics/diagnosis/electroencephalogram-eeg
- Science and medical research continue to explore potential treatments for epilepsy and other neurological disorders, with fledgling studies indicating that CBD, a compound found in cannabis, may offer some benefits in managing seizures and epilepsy.
- It's crucial to note that epilepsy isn't limited to seizures alone; it often coexists with mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, making health-and-wellness management and the comprehensive approach to treatment even more vital.
- When managing patients with multiple medical conditions, including epilepsy, mental health issues, and other seizure disorders, a multi-disciplinary team approach, involving specialists in neurology, psychiatry, and various therapies, can lead to more effective and personalized care.
