Melanoma Deaths in US Top 7,200 in 2024: Early Detection Crucial
Melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, has been on the rise for decades. In 2024, it's estimated to claim 7,230 lives in the US alone. This aggressive cancer begins in the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, and can spread to other parts of the body if not caught early.
Melanoma often starts as a growth resembling a mole, which can appear anywhere on the body. It develops due to mutations in melanin-producing cells, primarily caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet light. Risk factors include family history, light skin, numerous moles, frequent UV exposure, and older age. Diagnosing melanoma involves removing a suspicious mole for testing. If the cancer has spread, additional tests like sentinel node biopsy, X-rays, CT scans, and blood tests are required.
Treatment for metastatic melanoma, where the cancer has spread, varies. Surgery is an option if feasible. Radiotherapy can target local and non-resectable metastases. Systemic therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors like Nivolumab and Ipilimumab, and intratumoral therapies like T-VEC, are used. Regional treatments like hyperthermic limb perfusion may also be employed. Clinical trials for novel therapies, including personalized mRNA cancer vaccines, are ongoing. However, these treatments can cause complications like nausea, fatigue, lymphedema, and neuropathy.
Melanoma's increasing rates and deadly potential underscore the importance of early detection and prevention. Understanding risk factors and seeking medical attention for unusual moles can save lives. Despite the challenges, ongoing research offers hope for improved treatment and survival rates.
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